Neurobiology of hope

 

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs during specific seasons, typically in winter when sunlight exposure decreases. It is linked to disruptions in circadian rhythms and serotonin levels.

Symptoms of SAD

• Persistent sadness and low energy

• Oversleeping and difficulty waking up

• Increased appetite and weight gain (especially craving carbs)

• Loss of interest in activities

• Difficulty concentrating

Causes and Treatment

SAD is believed to be caused by reduced sunlight exposure, leading to low serotonin and melatonin imbalances.

Effective Treatments:

• Light therapy (phototherapy) to mimic natural sunlight

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for mood regulation

• Vitamin D supplements and lifestyle changes

• Antidepressant medications, if necessary

Early diagnosis and treatment help manage symptoms and improve well-being during seasonal changes.