Neurobiology of hope

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule.

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) is a psychological assessment tool developed by Allen L. Edwards to measure 15 normal personality needs based on Henry Murray's theory of psychogenic needs. It is a forced-choice, self-report inventory where individuals select between paired statements, reducing social desirability bias. The EPPS assesses needs such as achievement, affiliation, autonomy, dominance, and order, among others. It is widely used in career counseling, personality research, and clinical settings to understand personal preferences and motivations. The test is valued for its standardization and reliability in evaluating personality traits in non-clinical populations.